The History of Photography
5th-4th Centuries: Chinese and Greek philosophers described basic principles of the camera.
1664-1666: Isaac Newton discovers that white light is composed of different colours.
1814: Joseph Niépce achieves first photographic image with camera obscura - however, the image required 8 hours of light exposure.
1837: Louis Daguerre's first daguerreotype - the first image that was fixed and did not fade and needed less than thirty minutes of light exposure.
1841: William Henry Talbot patents the Calotype process - the first negative-positive process making it possible to copy the photograph.
1895: The Lumiere brothers of France patent their original their original camera using celluloid film with sprocket holes at the edge.
1948: American inventor Edwin Land develops the first instant camera known as the Polaroid.
Camera Obscura
The invention of the camera obscura is attributed to the Iraqi scientist Alhazen and described in his Book of Optics (1011-1021). English scientists Robert Boyle and Robert Hooke later invented a portable camera obscura in 1665-1666. In the 1500s many artists such as Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, used the camera obscura to help them draw pictures.
The drawing below, made in 1652, shows an outer shell with lenses in the center of each wall and an inner shell with transparent paper for drawing. The artist entered the camera obscura by a trap door on the floor.
The invention of the camera obscura is attributed to the Iraqi scientist Alhazen and described in his Book of Optics (1011-1021). English scientists Robert Boyle and Robert Hooke later invented a portable camera obscura in 1665-1666. In the 1500s many artists such as Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, used the camera obscura to help them draw pictures.
The drawing below, made in 1652, shows an outer shell with lenses in the center of each wall and an inner shell with transparent paper for drawing. The artist entered the camera obscura by a trap door on the floor.
I made a camera obscura of my own using cardboard, masking tape, a magnifying glass and tracing paper.
I also managed to capture some images.
Photograms
A photogram is a photographic image made without a camera by placing objects directly onto the surface of a light-sensitive material such as photographic paper and then exposing it to light.
The first period of “photogram” exploration was to keep a scientific record of natural objects. More recently, photogramists have utilized the photogram as a means of artistic expression to produce a wide variety of designs and surreal imagery.
By placing objects onto a piece of light sensitive paper in a darkroom, you can use an enlarger to cast light onto the paper and capture the silhouettes of the objects. This creates a photogram
Man Ray was an American painter, maker of surrealist objects and photographer. Born in Philadelphia. Worked in an advertising office and then part-time as draughtsman for publishers of books on engineering, atlases and maps. He was one of the main artists involved in photogrammetry.
A photogram is a photographic image made without a camera by placing objects directly onto the surface of a light-sensitive material such as photographic paper and then exposing it to light.
The first period of “photogram” exploration was to keep a scientific record of natural objects. More recently, photogramists have utilized the photogram as a means of artistic expression to produce a wide variety of designs and surreal imagery.
By placing objects onto a piece of light sensitive paper in a darkroom, you can use an enlarger to cast light onto the paper and capture the silhouettes of the objects. This creates a photogram
Man Ray was an American painter, maker of surrealist objects and photographer. Born in Philadelphia. Worked in an advertising office and then part-time as draughtsman for publishers of books on engineering, atlases and maps. He was one of the main artists involved in photogrammetry.
THE DSLR
A DSLR gives you complete control over the photos you take coupled with excellent image quality. There are many different features within a DSLR, which people research before buying one.
-Megapixels: Megapixel ratings are the number of million pixels a camera can capture in a single shot. These days, almost all cameras have double digits of megapixels, which means it doesn't really matter if one camera has slightly more megapixels than the other. The image quality will pretty much be the same.
-Size and Weight: DSLR cameras, with kit lenses included, are much bigger and heavier than pretty much all standard digital cameras. Therefore you should research what type of DSLR is practical for your use.
-The Lens and Image Quality: If you attach a high quality lens to a DSLR, you can really maximise the image quality of a DSLR to easily surpass what you can achieve with a standard camera – colours, detail and sharpness will be better.
There are 3 main types of lenses.
Wide angle: 28mm or less, good for interiors and landscapes.
Standard: from 35mm and 85mm, good for general use and portraits.
Telephoto: from 100mm to 300mm, which are good for, portraits and wildlife.
A DSLR gives you complete control over the photos you take coupled with excellent image quality. There are many different features within a DSLR, which people research before buying one.
-Megapixels: Megapixel ratings are the number of million pixels a camera can capture in a single shot. These days, almost all cameras have double digits of megapixels, which means it doesn't really matter if one camera has slightly more megapixels than the other. The image quality will pretty much be the same.
-Size and Weight: DSLR cameras, with kit lenses included, are much bigger and heavier than pretty much all standard digital cameras. Therefore you should research what type of DSLR is practical for your use.
-The Lens and Image Quality: If you attach a high quality lens to a DSLR, you can really maximise the image quality of a DSLR to easily surpass what you can achieve with a standard camera – colours, detail and sharpness will be better.
There are 3 main types of lenses.
Wide angle: 28mm or less, good for interiors and landscapes.
Standard: from 35mm and 85mm, good for general use and portraits.
Telephoto: from 100mm to 300mm, which are good for, portraits and wildlife.
Above: Fast shutter speed
Above: Slow shutter speed
Horst exhibition review
Horst created images that represented fashion and time. He took composition in many of his photos. In an extraordinary sixty-year career, his photographs appeared on the pages of Vogue and House and Garden under the one-word photographic byline ‘Horst’. He ranks alongside photographers such as Irving Penn and Richard Avedon as one of the pre-eminent fashion and portrait photographers of the 20th century.
An international figure, Horst worked mainly in Paris and New York. Born in Germany, he became an American citizen in 1943, changing his surname from Bohrmann to Horst. His extraordinary range of work outside the photographic studio conveys a relentless visual curiosity and life-long desire for new challenges. The huge collection of prints, drawings, notebooks, scrapbooks and letters that Horst carefully preserved throughout his life, alongside thousands of prints in the archives of Condé Nast, bear witness to his virtuoso talent.
Photoshop
Adobe Photoshop is a piece software used for editing images.Photoshop is considered one of leaders in image editing software. It is mainly used by photographers and graphic designers.
The most used techiniques in photoshop would most probably be cutting,
Adobe Photoshop is a piece software used for editing images.Photoshop is considered one of leaders in image editing software. It is mainly used by photographers and graphic designers.
The most used techiniques in photoshop would most probably be cutting,